Comparison of Leadership Theories

Examination of Leadership Theories The foundation of connection among devotees and pioneers that emphasis on genuine changes and results that reflects through shared reasons for existing is fundamentally authority. Initiative likewise includes in making change not just in keeping up status quote. Another authority significant element is to bring individuals and make them comprehension to meet up around a typical vision and to realize change wanted future. In numerous angles, the significance of authority is fundamental without it families, networks and just as associations would go down separated. In other sense, the method of improving effectiveness, resolve, client care and execution is the basic part of administration. It is likewise basic for the associations to deal with basic circumstance and lead that viably and just a decent pioneer with great administration capacity can lead group effectively. There are various styles of administration essentially it is way the individual arrangements with that so as to remai n alive in their position. These are dictator, majority rule and free enterprise.( Business:William M. Pride, Robert J. Hughes, Jack R. Kapoor,Cengage Learning, 2009 Political Science - p.179) In dictator authority style, pioneer holds all the force and duties. In this style, workers are doled out to explicit errand by the pioneer and hope to complete it systematic. In free enterprise authority style, pioneer offers capacity to representatives. There are at least two elective choices taken by pioneer, workers can pick any of them from that point it depends up to them. In vote based initiative styles, pioneer gives more significance on representatives and attempts to empower them and demonstrates thoughtfulness regarding people. Authentic, traditional and contemporary way to deal with Leadership hypothesis: Historically there are numerous administration moves toward that connected with various speculations of initiative. Incredible Man hypothesis of authority: 1900s: This is the most punctual speculations of administration. Around then the greater part of the specialists accepted that pioneers are conceived, not made. In Great Man hypothesis, depicts that the primary privileged insights of an extraordinary pioneer lies in being brought into the world incredible. It gives significance on the investigation of all the incredible pioneers who were extraordinary, might be they are from gentry or from the lower classes yet they had the chances to lead. By discovering those individuals who did extraordinary things, for example, Nepolean, Hitler, Curchill on the off chance that we go further back, at that point Lord Krisna, Gesus and Hazrat Mohammad were exceptionally simple to bring up them. As indicated by Great Man hypothesis, it accepts that pioneers must have a few characteristics like great ordering power, cunning, great character, mental fortitude, presence of mind; savagery and expressiveness that cant be had through learning or through sp ecific educated programmes.(Organisational conduct by Hawa Singh,1st ed,2009-10,page-263)( Fire Service Leadership: Theories and Practices-Mitchell R. Waite, International Association of Fire Chiefs;Jones Bartlett Learning, 2008 Business Economics;page-3,4) Characteristic Theories of Leadership: 1900s-1940: Trait speculations are like Great Man hypotheses here and there. It accept that pioneers must have general attributes or individual highlights that they get by conceived and normal to all and make them better coordinated to initiative. In Trait Theory of administration simply attempted to discover qualities of notable pioneer that were visit. This methodology depended on the plan that is singularity and individual inherent worth that recognize effective pioneer structure every other person. In 1994, Yukl directed exploration on attributes and aptitudes and connected to authoritative adequacy (Introduction to instructive administration hierarchical conduct: hypothesis into practice,Patti L. Possibility, Edward W. Chance,Eye on Education, 2002,page.87). These were- Vitality and weight persistence Presence of mind Internal locus of control Passionate development Value Matchless quality motivation Arriving at direction Requirement for connection Situational Theories of Leadership: (Administration in Organizations: There Is a Difference among Leaders and Managers, David, University Press of America, 2009, p 33) In situational speculations of initiative gives more significance on the various circumstances like where the undertaking to be cultivated, fit encompassed by characters, force and recognitions. Adequacy of authority depends on those circumstances. These situational hypotheses are additionally called Contingency speculations since this Theory is dependent upon the necessities or the status of the circumstances. 1960s-70: In Contingency/situational hypothesis contends what pioneers play out that can be dictated by that circumstances and that practices must be connected with that natural circumstances close by (Understanding Leadership Perspectives: Theoretical and Practical Approaches, By Matthew R. Fairholm, Gilbert W. Fairholm,2008,page.11). A decent situational pioneer can just apply diverse initiative styles with the evolving circumstances. The best activity taken by the pioneer relies upon of the pioneer relies upon a scope of situational factors. How the model functions essentially to accomplish results: Recognizable proof of point by point occupation and errand Asses present execution Comparing pioneer reaction Distinctive initiative styles could impact by the wide scope of factors relying upon the diverse natural circumstances and it makes an effect on pioneer conduct, where pioneer can work. There are some basic possibilities like authoritative volume, intricacy in task, development of specialist thus numerous others. As indicated by situational hypothesis, situational factors are restricted and differ as per that possibility and determined conduct of pioneer can just work in specific sort of circumstances not for all. There are three most conspicuous hypotheses of possibility Way Goal hypothesis Feidlers Contingency hypothesis The Vroom-Yettons model Way Goal hypothesis: In this hypothesis essentially center around pioneers persuasive capacity and it tends to be upgraded by expanding singular adjustments to subordinates for work objective accomplishment, increase individual fulfillment by heightening chances (House, 1971).According to these speculations key occupier is that the viability can be estimated through the practices of various pioneers that will be impacted by situational factors. In more extensive sense it concentrated on beginning course of action and reflection conduct of pioneers however later it reached out as participative and administration practices as far as accomplishment situated (House and Mitchell, 1974).there are two significant supposition on way Goal speculations of initiative (Leadershipã‚â edited by Linda L. Neider, Chester Schriesheim, IAP, 2002, page-116) Right off the bat, it worries with the appropriateness of pioneers conduct to the subordinates Furthermore, it worries with the inspirational components of pioneer (House and Mitchell, 1974). Appropriateness: Leader practices should be reasonable for the subordinates so it encourages them to work well with various circumstance. This great conduct of pioneer upgrades the general fulfillments of subordinates. Inspiration: The job of a pioneer is significant in propelling of workers for specific assignment to build the general execution. Fiedlers Contingency hypothesis: Overseeing authoritative conduct: Henry, Neal P. Mero, John R. Rizzo Wiley-Blackwell, 2000 pages.461, 467 In 1971, Feidler proposed explanation on that how bunch execution can be influenced through the relations of administration direction, bunch setting and occupation attributes. Pioneers circumstance can gauge however different degrees like connections among pioneers and individuals, structure of occupation and position power (Fiedler, 1978). The connection among pioneer and part: This alludes to how the pioneer is loved by the gathering individuals. At the point when great relationship exists among pioneers and individuals then all are get high fulfillment in work and associations esteems is accomplished through individual qualities. In the event that the connection is going severely, at that point there is absence of regular trust. Another significant term bunch cohesiveness, it is exceptionally hard to make all the representatives cooperate when it low. On the off chance that it is high however terrible connection with pioneer, at that point bunch cooperates to hurt the association just as pioneer. Structure of employments: It is classified in two different ways like high assignment and low undertaking structure. In high undertaking work structure pioneer should comprehend what the objective is and how to accomplish that. In low errand structure work pioneer must settle on a choice how to perform task each an ideal opportunity to complete it. Position power: In high position power pioneer has power to take any significant choices without advising anybody to higher association levels. In low position power, pioneer has constrained position. The Vroom-Yettons model of initiative: This model is generally utilized in the advancement of authority in corporate focus and furthermore gets enough help from experts. (Mechanical and hierarchical brain science: connecting hypothesis with practice; By Cary L. Cooper, Edwin A. Locke, page-151,152)The most significant parts of this model is that legitimates both the totalitarian and majority rule pioneer conduct and coordinating that is reasonable in fastidious circumstances. This model likewise gives productive data about what might be the ideal time of utilizing gatherings or contradicted to character dynamic. This model has a few confinements like pioneers are consistently need to take choice in picking of administration styles, it considers every choice in term of circumstance yet it doesn't rely upon past factor. Subjective asset hypothesis: Subjective Resource hypothesis is the change of Feidlers Contingency hypothesis. This hypothesis concentrated on character, habits and situational properties. Intellectual asset hypothesis incorporates subjective assets like individual intuition, down to earth information and expertise, work ability, into unique model. Suppositions: 1) Plans and techniques are conveyed through mandate conduct by troughs. 2) Experienced and more astute pioneers ha

Overcoming Terrorist Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conquering Terrorist Issues - Essay Example A great many individuals could have been influenced and even slaughtered if the fear based oppressors had completed their arrangement. The fear based oppressors don't anticipate just utilizing physical weapons out in the open spots. They have likewise chosen to utilize organic fear based oppression by sending infections into open territories. A model originates from the workplace of Tom Daschle, when the prominent Anthrax infection was conveyed via the post office. While no one at the workplace was influenced by this, it helps to underline the dread of a natural specialist being discharged into society. Natural specialists have been a known methods for fighting and have been in presence for quite a while. For instance, when the Cold War was in actuality, both the United States and the Soviet Union had created methods for organic fighting. One that is right now generally dreaded to be utilized by the psychological militants is the idea of botulism. Botulism, which is an extremely cruel type of food contamination, could be spread among the farming of the United States and could consequently cause across the board disorder and frenzy in the nation (Medicine, n.d.). The fear based oppressors could without much of a stretch utilize both enormous scope and little scope ideas to spread this ailment in the event that they decide to. It has been generally conceded by the United States and numerous specialists that work in America that the nation isn't set up for any huge scope assault of organic fighting (Yungher, 2008). ... Since botulism is such an enthusiastic dread and such a terrible ailment, the best way to conquer it and to maintain a strategic distance from a far reaching frenzy is create inoculations against it (Center for Disease Control, n.d.). Moreover, the inoculations would need to be promptly accessible and economical for people to bear. Accordingly, the administration should provide its own cash so as to put resources into the health of its kin. This will be significant for helping and ensuring the Americans against any sort of natural assault, or organic fighting. Botulism is one of the most stamped fears with regards to organic psychological oppression, however different maladies are likewise foundations for concern. In this way, the administration should support a program that will concentrate on discovering solutions for operators that may be utilized for a situation of organic fighting. This division ought to likewise ensure that enough medication is accessible if a wide emergency en sues. Groundwork for this sort of frenzy is perhaps the most ideal approaches to neutralize it. In the event that the United States doesn't start to get ready, it could have an exceptionally serious issue on its hands, and its populace could be handily annihilated and wrecked by affliction. 2. From a Jihad point of view, legitimize the decision of joining the reason. Clarify your thinking for supporting it. For what reason would one who was a Muslim wish to join the Jihad on America What might be the explanations behind joining the reason There are a few reasons why this idea is appealing to numerous individuals in Islamic nations. In the first place, the idea of Jihad fits into the point of view of the Islamic religion. While most orders of Islam that take Jihad in its full earnestness are viewed as radicals, it tends to be

What to Look For in PA Application Essay Samples

What to Look For in PA Application Essay SamplesThere are numerous sources on the internet that claim to offer Pa application essay samples. In actual fact, this is the most common question asked by those who wish to apply for a PA position in their state of residence.The first consideration to make when applying for a PA position is to ensure that you have a well-written, effective personal statement. The contents of the statement should be very clear and concise. While some of these must have been written as personal essays, it would also be ideal to keep in mind that the job requirements for PA positions vary greatly from state to state.The most critical element of a student's application, which is often overlooked, is the fact that an applicant must possess the capability to study and research thoroughly. In addition, it is essential that the applicant has the ability to organize data and communicate effectively. So, an applicant needs to be able to demonstrate a learning disabil ity, and the ability to perform the basic research required to prepare for a study tour, or to provide references to clients. It is important to remember that while PA applications are often stressful, and candidates must meet stringent requirements, they also need to clearly identify that they are qualified for the position.A large number of the required steps within a student's application must be completed before the application is submitted to the PA programs that are hiring. These steps include: resume, academic writing samples, letters of recommendation, and PA testing. However, many of these steps are completed prior to the application being submitted to the PA programs.The vast majority of the essay samples available online are often very similar. One way to distinguish this from real essay samples is to examine the comments made about the applicant's potential ability to function as a PA. There are specific essay samples that are specifically designed to provide very specif ic feedback on the candidate's personal and professional abilities.An applicant should always include their personal statement in the application. However, this statement can be modified to match the PA program requirements.It is extremely important that the candidate carefully read the instructions to understand how to use the personal statement. One important point to remember is that the personal statement is not intended to be an argumentative document, and should not be used to say something about a PA applicant's personal life.The personal statement is meant to serve as a summary of an applicant's personality and academic record. It is very likely that most employers would want to know how much time an applicant spent studying, and what type of study they were involved in. The personal statement can clearly demonstrate how an applicant conducts themselves in the workplace and can help a PA hiring committee to identify what types of characteristics they are looking for.

Why Did I Choose This Career - 1241 Words

Q: How and why did you choose this career?†¨A: I was a ballet dancer and had been accepted into the Royal Ballet of Canada when I had a foot injury that required surgery and follow up physical therapy. That was my first introduction to the field. I think the possibility of PT as a career just simmered in my subconscious because I actually started university studying math and French. I ended up getting a degree in psychology and then entered physical therapy school.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Q: What are the most important skills and abilities required for your job?†¨A: The critical skill in a physical therapist is the passion to do what they do and to make a real difference in the lives of the patients they serve. Besides that they must be very strong in the sciences, a creative and critical thinker, have great interpersonal and problem solving skills, and be able to multitask.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Q: What is a typical day in your work like?†¨A: I am currently in healthcare administration s o my day revolves around establishing a working environment to provide high quality patient-centered care.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Q: What do you wish you knew (but didn t) when you first contemplated this career?†¨A: I wish I had a better understanding of all the different venues of care options available and the different therapeutic goals specific to the setting. I think it is important to find out what aspect of PT you are most passionate about and what setting best fits your personality/your life.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Q: What parts of your job do you find most challenging?Show MoreRelatedWhat Does You Do For Your Life?1511 Words   |  7 PagesEver since I was a little girl I always knew that I wanted to help people. 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Atomic Mass From Atomic Abundance Chemistry Problem

You may have noticed the atomic mass of an element isnt the same as the sum of the protons and neutrons of a single atom. This is because elements exist as multiple isotopes. While each atom of an element has the same number of protons, it can have a variable number of neutrons. The atomic mass on the periodic table is a weighted average of the atomic masses of atoms observed in all samples of that element. You can use the atomic abundance to calculate the atomic mass of any element sample if you know the percentage of each isotope. Atomic Abundance Example Chemistry Problem The element boron consists of two isotopes, 105B and 115B. Their masses, based on the carbon scale, are 10.01 and 11.01, respectively. The abundance of 105B is 20.0% and the abundance of 115B is 80.0%. What is the atomic mass of boron? Solution: The percentages of multiple isotopes must add up to 100%. Apply the following equation to the problem: atomic mass (atomic mass X1) Â · (% of X1)/100 (atomic mass X2) Â · (% of X2)/100 ...where X is an isotope of the element and % of X is the abundance of the isotope X. Substitute the values for boron in this equation: atomic mass of B (atomic mass of 105B Â · % of 105B/100) (atomic mass of 115B Â · % of 115B/100)atomic mass of B (10.01Â · 20.0/100) (11.01Â · 80.0/100)atomic mass of B 2.00 8.81atomic mass of B 10.81 Answer: The atomic mass of boron is 10.81. Note that this is the value listed in the periodic table for the atomic mass of boron. Although the atomic number of boron is 10, its atomic mass is nearer to 11 than to 10, reflecting the fact that the heavier isotope is more abundant than the lighter isotope. Why Arent Electrons Included? The number and mass of electrons is not included in an atomic mass calculation because the mass of the electron is infinitesimal compared to that of a proton or neutron. Basically, electrons dont significantly affect the mass of an atom.

Unintended Pregnancy Prevention Essay - 1269 Words

Are controversial concerns about the birth control pill really a problem? Allowing teenagers to use the birth control pill has been a controversial subject for parents, teachers, and teenagers for a wide range of reasons. The vast majority of teenage pregnancies, more than four out of five, are unplanned (Unintended Pregnancy Prevention). Whether teenagers believe in common myths that they cant get pregnant the first time having sex or they truly believe nothing like this could ever happen to them, it happens to approximately seven hundred and fifty thousand teenagers in the United States each year. Although the birth control pill may not completely put an end to teenage pregnancies, it will decrease pregnancy rates among†¦show more content†¦In fact, these health risks are substantially lower than the health concerns of teenage births for both the mother and the baby. In Teen Pregnancy and Health Risk to the Baby, Stanley J. 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Corporate Sustainability Report Environmental Responsibility

Question: Describe about the Corporate Sustainability Report for Environmental Responsibility? Answer: Introduction The GRI plays a crucial role as a public standard setter in developing standards for sustainability reporting for companies. The GSSB is a governance structure that helps organizations and stakeholders benefit from these prescribed standards. The GRI lays down the criteria for the organizations to prepare their sustainability report according to Guidelines. The Systems Oriented Theories consist of Legitimacy Theory, Stakeholder Theory, and Institutional Theory. These theories stress on voluntary reports from corporate on economic, environmental and social aspects on the society they live in. The top two multinationals taken for study are Walmart and Apple Inc. This study uses periodicals, journal articles, sustainability reports and annual reports of these multinational for analysis and findings on their reporting standards are made. Literature Review GSSB: The GRI Global Sustainability Standards Board is established as an operating entity working independently under GRI. Its sole responsibility is to set globally accepted standards through sustainability reporting (Globalreporting, Global Sustainability Standards Board, 2015). Public Interest (in sustainability reporting context) is: To promote positive impact on the ecological, social, economic and environmental systems To make well-informed decisions and access to reliable and transparent information Systems Oriented Theories Within a system, an entity is assumed to influence and have an influence on the society in exists in. The relationship between the organizations with other parties is also dealt with (Bebbington, Unerman, Dwyer, 2014). The three theories studied here are: Legitimacy Theory: Companies disclose information on sustainability in response to the pressure and demand of the sustainability practice. Stakeholder Theory: Companies disclose information by identifying the stakeholders interest in their practical application Institutional Theory: Companies disclose information according to the social change and institutional pressure (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn, Issues in Financial Accounting, 2013) Through sustainability, CEOs understand the need for the management to involve themselves in decision analytical frameworks which are normative, descriptive or deliberative. Sustainability measurement serves as a quantitative basis towards sustainability of the environment, economy and social domains (Khalili, 2011). Objectivity of Global Sustainability Standards Board The Global Sustainability Standards Board or the GSSB is an operating entity working independently under GRI. It consists of 15 members who are responsible for setting standards that are globally acceptable for sustainability reporting. It works according to its mission and vision and works for the public interest. Objectivity of GSSB Some of the objectives of the GSSB are: G4 Guidelines transition into a set ofGRI Standards Multi-stakeholder approach towards sector guidance, sector understanding and sector indicators Introducing metrics that the set of Standards have not included. Due Process and Steps by which GSSB develops Sustainability Reporting Standards The GRI Standards have been developed by Due Process Protocol, overseen by DPOC or Due Process Oversight Committee. The Due Process Protocol sets the process towards developing GRI Standards. This helps to promote public interest which is aligned with the mission and vision of GRI starting from identification of project, content development, public exposure and feedback to final release of the product (Globalreporting, Global Sustainability Standards Board, 2015). Steps through which GSSB develops Sustainability Reporting Standards GSSB keeps track of global initiative to make organizations disclose environmental, governance and social reporting. Through Explain Campaign Forum 1. Organizations can contribute and join the Campaign Forum by sharing information, disclose developments and publicly support them 2. Government encourages organizations towards minimum disclosure of sustainability reports 4. Regulators can be approached for transparent disclosures and more participation (IISD, 2014). Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability Reporting Guidelines The GRI developed a unique governance structure in 2014 to build global standards towards sustainability reporting. These guidelines have been implemented and accepted by around 90 countries and 5000 organizations as recognition of its public interest standards (SASB, 2015). Primary Objective The GRI has a mission to develop and spread guidelines for sustainability reporting that is globally applicable on environmental, social and economic dimensions. GRI Guidelines have to be followed and stakeholders make use of these reports. 4.2 Criteria that an organization should apply in preparing sustainability reporting in accordance with G4 sustainability reporting guidelines (Ford, 2014) In order to follow GRI Guidelines, organizations require certain resources An organization requires committed management and leadership to collect information and evaluate performance of the entire organization Proficiency of skills: Assessment of data, skill in developing reports ad experience in social research methods are skills required from staff members Courses, and support: GRI does not offer any training programs for sustainable reporting, however, NGOs and other consultancies offer such services (Guidelines, 2014). Reporting principles with respect to defining report content and defining report quality The G4 Guidelines on sustainability reporting helps organizations to report vital information. Report Content Through GRI Guidelines, organizations can disclose critical impacts, both positive and negative, that have their effects on the economy, society, and the environment. Reliable and relevant information to assess the risks ad opportunities are generated to help in decision-making, within the business, and among the stakeholders. These Guidelines are applicable to all types of organizations and all sectors around the world. Report Quality Part 1 of G4 consists of Standard Disclosures that organization can make use of to report the performance and impact of sustainability reporting. The Reporting Principles help in effective reporting with criteria in accordance to the Guidelines. Part 2 of G4 consists of the Implementation Manual which has to be followed to prepare the sustainability report. This report explains how the Reporting Principles are to be applied for; information to be prepared, concepts to be interpreted, etc (Globalreporting, G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, 2014). Features of the new governance structure Creation of an organizational firewall differentiating general organizational activities and standard-setting activities. of the global multi-stakeholders GRI standard development to be strengthened through Due Process Protocol Establishment of an independent public funding base towards GRIs standard-setting activities Transparent standards development processes Creating three new bodies of governance structure for standard-setting GSSB (Global Sustainability Standards Board) DPOC (Due Process Oversight Committee) IAC (Independent Appointments Committee) Features of Systems Oriented Theories The Systems-oriented theories consist of Legitimacy Theory Stakeholder Theory Institutional Theory These theories give importance to disclosure of information between groups, individuals, state, and organizations. As economic issues have to be investigated in the context of social, political and institutional framework all the economic activities have to be considered (Deegan, 2014). Legitimacy Theory explains why an entity makes particular and voluntary disclosures. This is compared to the Political Cost Hypothesis as it describes corporate behavior. Organizations ensure that they work within the norms and bounds within the society they exist in. Norms and bounds are not static (Deegan, 2014). CSR reporting of legitimacy theory Starbucks Coffee in Australia follows corporate philanthropy as it allows its workers to donate to charity by working for any charity which they like to choose. This promotes the social responsibility image of the company(Henderson S. , Peirson, Herbohn, Artiach, Howieson, 2014). Organizations should adapt to changes in the community and make changes. It should not rely on assumptions about market efficiency or wealth maximization assumption. Stakeholder Theory provides the basis for framework and concepts that are practice-oriented. It identifies numerous interests between the stakeholder and its firm. It has two branches which are normative or ethical branch and managerial or positive branch. It develops policies that are supportive and consistent to deal with them. It links the corporate behavior with the stakeholder management as well as ethical considerations (Frakenberger, 2006). Stakeholders are individuals or groups who affect the objectives of the organization or are affected by it. The management should treat all stakeholders equally and coordinate their interests. Primary stakeholders are essential to the survival of an organization while secondary stakeholders are those who influence or are influenced by the organization. CSR reporting of stakeholder theory Google developed conflicts in goals and environmental organizations. Through its project Google Green the company set the goal of carbon-neutral and to achieve 35% reduction in energy source and increase renewable sources within 2012. However, these targets were not achieved or disclosed officially as there were stakeholder conflicts regarding this. Through sustainability reporting Google was forced to take steps to implement further action regarding this issue. Institutional Theory: Institutional theory is of two main dimensions: Isomorphism and decoupling. Isomorphic processes may be regulative, normative or cultural-cognitive. Organizational theory tends to take similar characteristics. The institutional theory explains how organizations respond to social changes and institutional expectation and pressure. Organizations tend to practice the same form of homogeneity as they follow the same practices that different organizations practice (Stanusch, 2010). Isomorphism shows tendency to similar process and structure of corporations. They do not always increase the efficiency of the organization as the strategies have more of form or show than about the substance. CSR reporting of institutional theory Lake Nona attracted partnership with Tavistock and GE leaders to develop new ideas to enlighten its surroundings. GE experimented with a novel lighting system with LED lighting. The lake got its lighting and GE had produced a new product that it could market globally. Institutional theory is about how organizations in an environment seek legitimacy and become isomorphic in their environment (Henderson S. , Peirson, Herbohn, Artiach, Howieson, 2014). Legitimacy of the systems-oriented theories The legitimacy of the systems-oriented theories cannot be measured in monetary terms as there are no proper guidelines that give real-time value to social and environmental changes. Reports are too long and require a high cost for data preparation. Hence, organizations try to evade or give basic emphasis to such evaluation. There is much overlapping between the three system-oriented theories as norms and values overlap. Organizations do not get the necessary support as there are legal restrictions that make it difficult to continue operation. Multinational Companies from Global 500 I 2015 The top five multinational companies from Global 500 2015 are Walmart, Sinopec Group, Royal Dutch Shell, China National Petroleum, and Exxon Mobil. Apple is in the 15th position from the top (Global500, 2015). For our study, we take two multinational companies for study. References are taken from Annual Reports and Sustainability Reports, 2015 for Walmart and Apple(Apple, Apple.Inc, 2015),(Apple, Environment Responsibility Report, 2014), (Walmart, Corporatereport, 2015),(Walmart, Global responsibility, 2015) . Multinational Company 1: Walmart Walmart has revealed its sustainability report in its Global Responsibility Report 2015. Environmental sustainability is an important ingredient of a successful business as shown by Walmart through its sustainability report. Energy: Walmart is aiming towards 100% renewable energy as energy efficiency is good for its customers, shareholders and the future of the world. Clean and affordable energy can bring down costs while increasing energy efficiency. Waste: To achieve zero waste is one of the goals of Walmart. Offices in Japan and UK have a diversion rate that is 90% while in Canada and Mexico it is 70%. Other measures are reduction in plastic bag wastage and introducing bio-plastic wraps for packaging. Products: Walmart uses sustainability in the purchase of products which are environment-friendly to meet the issues of the society. Responsible Sourcing: Walmart continues its responsibility drive in its supply chain in all the countries through strengthened internal programs. In 2015, it has increased its responsible sourcing associates by 200 (Walmart, Global responsibility, 2015). In 2014, Walmart had implemented the Sustainability Index for progress measurement by focusing on three core areas: sustainability, local communities, and opportunity. Some of its initiatives in 2014 were fertilizer reduction, sustainable chemistry, Bangladesh fire safety, new jobs, empowering women and bringing back manufacturing jobs to the US (Walmart, Global Responsibility Report, 2014). Multinational company 2: Apple Apple, the tech giant, is on its way to becoming a sustainability leader through its green announcements. It has embraced the renewable revolution Apple has implemented power consumption on its new and old buildings through renewable energy sources. Enforced sustainable supply chain According to the progress report of the Supplier Responsibility, Apple had audited the supplier facilities in 19 countries in 2014. However, fifteen factories were suspended for serious pollution of fresh water supplies and air. Apple is also working with Dutch quango to find an alternative source of tin that is sustainable. Poor working conditions found in its Chinese factories were rectified after investigations through regulators. Entering into the electric car market Apple has hired experienced vehicle designers to shake the electric car market to develop battery-powered minivan electric vehicle. Commitment to resource efficient in its products Apple Retail stores around the world have introduced recycling programs to recycle its own products and in university campuses and cities (Vallone, 2014). The new Apple Campus 2 to be the greenest building ever Apple is building a new campus in Cupertino which is to have 100% renewable solar energy; drought tolerant plants reduce water usage (Google, 2015). According to Apples Global Responsibility Report in 2014, the data center Maiden, has the largest onsite solar array; carbon emissions have dropped by 3% on a year to year basis. Energy savings has gone up by 30% through wind, solar, geothermal and micro-hydro renewable sources (Apple, Environment Responsibility Report, 2014). Similarities and Differences in report content We find that Apple and Walmart have given importance to bringing down energy consumption and pollution control. Apple has gone one step further in building a green building in its campus while Walmart is one of the first to introduce new technology in its recycling process and introducing new bio-plastic wraps. Similarities and Differences in portrayal of the company Walmart has brought a revolution for a cleaner environment in all its stores across the globe by bringing in zero wastage policy and 100% renewable energy. However, it has a long way to go to achieve these targets. Apple has also taken giant steps towards poisonous emissions removal. The negative aspect of poor working conditions in Chinese outlets was exposed and Apple had to introduce better conditions for its employees and show the steps undertaken by the company. Both the companies need to portray the social and environmental reports with more specifications through concise reporting for users to measure and compare long-term values.0 Conclusion The GRI through GSSB oversees that corporate follow guideline. Public disclosure of sustainability reports, annual reports, and websites reflect the changes in the corporate activities of companies in the current environment. Financial Accounting and Social Performance Information link the societal values to organizational practices through their report content and quality according to GRI rules. We find that the societal theories such as legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, and institutional theory see that the organization functions and reports within the Guidelines prescribed in a relationship with other parties in the social system. From the reports of the multinationals Walmart and Apple, we find that sustainability practices have been implemented and published to the general public. We conclude that though malpractices do exist, sustainability reporting by corporate is the right step towards looking into the interests of the society. References Apple. (2015, May). Apple.Inc. Retrieved January 22, 2016, from Environmental Responsibility Report: https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2015.pdf Apple. (2014). Environment Responsibility Report. Environment Responsibility Progress Report, 2014 , 29. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., Dwyer, B. (Eds.). (2014). Sustainability Accounting and Accountability (2 ed.). New York: Routledge. 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